Automotive world history began when Nicolaus August Otto invented the motorcycles in the year 1876. Then, in 1885 Gottlieb Daimler invented the oil fuel that allows the opening of the birth of a revolution in car design. The discovery was later followed by Karl Benz, a mechanical engineer who built the first practical car that is run by a machine called an internal-combustion engine in 1985.
In different parts of the world also felt that with the significant progress made automotive humans more easily and instantly in a variety of activities. Apada so late 19th century in America, John W. Lambert found a gasoline-powered car in 1891. Duryea Brothers became the first company to manufacture and sell these vehicles to the public. Everything is possible to walk is not too significant, until finally Henry Ford launched the Model-T which was phenomenal, equipped with a transmission system and a better design. The first model produced in 1908 and continues to change until the year 1980.
Still talking about ground transportation, in the field of the train, history begins when George Stephenson designed the first steam train in the year 1824. While it is true that the steam engine James Watt have been found long before that. New in 1924 and then the steam train through the development of a mature and spread throughout the entire world. Followed later by the birth of diesel trains in the 1960s. After experiencing a rather long vacuum, comes super-fast train Maglev technology base which actually still at the beginning of growth. However, we can see the TGV and the Shinkansen with awe and amazement that no terperi.
Many other automotive technology ground transportation. Another example is the automotive technology in the aeronautics world. In the world of aeronautics, history tells much longer. It is said that, in the year 852 a Muslim scholar named Armen Firman jumped from a tower in Cordoba (Spain) and float using a robe worn as a parachute. In the year 875, Ibn Abbas repeated Firnas Word desperate action. Unfortunately, he suffered a back injury resulting in death several years later. Baghdad and then using the name as the name Firnas airport to remember.
Until the later centuries, people continue to assume that human beings should fly with wings so that the gravitational force caused not so much that the human berlahan could land safely. Even the famous DaVinci painting in the year it also implies 1500an such thing. The story became somewhat changed when Sir George Cayley in the year 1799 to formulate the concept in which aircraft must have wings, tail, and so on. Funny thing is, this concept is written on a silver coin made in the year.
Cayley glider and make it fit the concept and told the train driver (Coachman) to try it, but there is no clear outcome achievement. Otto Lilienthal was who became the first person to make the glider and tried melayangkannya moment. The results of these experiments was published, but unfortunately, one day when he did the experiment, there are gusts of wind made him tumbling to her death.
On 28 November 1896, a professor named Samuel Langley of the Smithsonian Institution made unmanned aircraft capable of flying to a height of 4200 feet with a speed of 30 mph. Langley then asked for research funding from the U.S. Defense Department of U.S. $ 5000 to design a manned aircraft. Two trials are conducted on October 7, 1903 and December 9, 1903 only led to failure. The first experiment resulted in a broken-wing aircraft without leaving the ground. While in the second test aircraft unable to fly and fell crashing on the Potomac River. Nevertheless, for his services in the field of aeronautics, Langley's name immortalized in the name famous labs: NASA Langley.
Pause 8 days after Langley's second trial, Kitty Hawk's Wrights brothers made history as the first aircraft with engine power capable of flying and reaching a height exceeding pointnya starting. It was the first man managed to beat gravity. Wrights brothers still do repairs on the findings that, like many scientists in France, England, Germany, Russia, Australia, and so on. However, Wright Bros. is of interest to the community after fascinating busy in Paris. He then sold the idea to the U.S. Defense Department. The result, soon after the U.S. Army has some "fighters" in which the pilot threw the bomb in his hand to finish off the enemy on the ground.
When World War I erupted in 1929, double-winged plane is commonly encountered. Later in the year 1926, Charles Lindberg for the first time across the Atlantic Ocean with success. This is the starting point when the aircraft is treated as a means of transportation, not just a hobby or a toy as before. When World War II broke out in the 1940s, fighter aircraft are far more sophisticated. Airlines with propeller emerging. And in the 1950s, jet engines (Boeing 707) started to operate and the term "jet set" or a jet transportation began to be known.
In the 1960's, supersonic aircraft (Concorde) began operations. Unfortunately, although Russia has successfully launched the first satellite (1957) and the U.S. successfully landed men on the moon (1969), developments in the world of aeronautics almost stagnant. It is true that the success of Russia and America is more caused by political factors (cold war) rather than technological innovation factor for increasing the welfare of mankind. It's also true that new technologies initially grew very slowly, then reached the point where innovation continues rained, and soon reached the mature stage. After that technological development is running low again. The period between these, if calculated, an average of about 40 years.
By using the above calculations, this man should now be able to fly at hypersonic or beyond the atmosphere into outer space. Unfortunately, due to the expensive research funds (or a strong political sense), both Russians and Americans no longer insists on developing space shuttle. Space vehicle is a monopoly in itself very expensive. However, for a few circles, could be a business opportunity billions (or trillions) of dollars.
To get a spacecraft that is much cheaper than the gawean NASA and its contractors, digelarlah X-Prize with a prize worth U.S. $ 10 million to anyone who can fly as high as 100 km or more with a pilot and 2 passengers or weight equivalent. There are a lot of people "crazy" which attracted racing, one of Burt Rutan, funded by Paul Allen.
Rutan made SpaceshipOne out a winner. Digelontorkan fund more than U.S. $ 20 million, but the motivation to achieve business opportunities of space travel makes U.S. $ 20 million as if nothing. The project was continued by SpaceshipTwo that can carry up to 8 people and will be ready in 2007 or 2008. It is said that Virgin Galactic has ordered 3 aircraft SpaceshipTwo.
In addition to X-Prize, Bigelow, a millionaire owner of cheap hotels, also held a similar award with prizes of U.S. $ 50 million plus contract to make a plane for anyone who can make a plane to transport tourists around the Earth several times. He has made the company Bigelow Aerospace is conducting research on how to structure an appropriate building for the hotel space. The result is amazing and the technology purchased by NASA to repair space shuttle. Of course, this price is much cheaper than buying from contractors such as Boeing or Lockheed Martin. Bigelow realized that the dream to create a space hotel could never happen without a cheap transport system.
Of course this is all nonsense is not nonsense. Many new companies with 50 or 100 employees genius and powerful backup funds from investors emerged. Outer space belongs to ordinary people, not the government or a state monopoly. With the birth of new industry brain-intensive and capital intensive, space tourism is not something impossible. At present, Russia can take us to walk the MIR station for U.S. $ 20 million. But the next few years, that rate would decrease significantly.
Soon, we will feel "normal" when he heard the people working in space, honeymoon 100 km outside the earth, or a hotel employee in the month. Colonization of the moon or Mars colonization is the future. Later, exploration and exploitation of minerals may occur in the month or on other planets which are very rich in minerals. The future belongs to those small industries with large capacity. And if 20 years is the world's richest man Bill Gates, then the next 20 years the world's richest people are capable of innovating entrepreneurs bring men into space in a cost effective and efficient, and packaging in a value-added services so that we can use to feel sophisticated modern automotive technology. With the growing sophistication of automotive technology will help us in doing various activities. Automotive technology advances will also be a very big impact for life.
No comments:
Post a Comment